Explore selected publications by members of the LANGUAGECERT Research Team, covering language assessment, test development, validation and educational research. Publications are grouped by researcher and listed in reverse chronological order.
You can also meet the Research Team or browse research and validation publications by year.
Coniam, D., Milanovic, M., & Lampropoulou, L. (2026). Exploring LLM Simulations for Pre-Operational Prediction of Reading Test Item Difficulty. LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Lampropoulou, L., & Megaritis, V. (2025). Operational validation evidence for the LANGUAGECERT® automated writing scoring system: Phase 1. LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., & Lampropoulou, L. (2025). Bridging human and automated scoring: Improving fairness in short-answer listening items. LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Lee, T., & Lampropoulou, L. (2024). The use of expert judgement and pairwise comparison in the establishment of an assessment scale. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 37.
Milanovic, M., Lee, T., Lampropoulou, L., & Coniam, D. (2024). Exploring test gender bias in the LANGUAGECERT® SELT IESOL Speaking and Listening tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Exploring test gender bias in the LANGUAGECERT SELT IESOL Speaking and Listening tests
Stoukou, I., Papargyris, Y., & Coniam, D. (2023). A comparability study of handwritten versus typed responses in high-stakes English language writing tests. ELT FORUM, 12(1), 36–43.
Coniam, D., Milanovic, M., & Zhao, W. (2022). Foreign CEFR and CSE comparability study: An exploration using the Chinese College English Test and the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English. CEFR Journal – Research and Practice, 5, 25–44.
Falvey, P., & Coniam, D. (Eds.) (2022). Certifying quality in assessment: Research and validation at LANGUAGECERT®. Volume 1. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D. (2022). Online invigilation of English language examinations: A survey of past China candidates’ attitudes and perceptions. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 21–31.
View on DOI.org: Online invigilation of English language examinations
Zhao, W., & Coniam, D. (2022). Using self-assessments to investigate comparability of the CEFR and CSE: An exploratory study using the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 169–186.
View on DOI.org: Using self-assessments to investigate comparability of the CEFR and CSE
Coniam, D., Poupounaki-Lappa, P., & Peristeri, P. (2022). Validating communicative tests of reading and language use of Classical Greek. Journal of Classics Teaching, 23(45), 55–59.
View publication: Validating communicative tests of reading and language use of Classical Greek
Milanovic, M. (2025). AI in large-scale international language testing: Challenges and opportunities. LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: AI in large-scale international language testing
Green, A., Jones, J., Milanovic, M., & Lampropoulou, L. (2025). LANGUAGECERT® General & Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) Alignment Executive Summary. LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: LANGUAGECERT General and CLB Alignment Executive Summary
Milanovic, M., Lee, T., Lampropoulou, L., & Coniam, D. (2024). Exploring test gender bias in the LANGUAGECERT® SELT IESOL Speaking and Listening tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Exploring test gender bias in the LANGUAGECERT SELT IESOL Speaking and Listening tests
Milanovic, M., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2023). The delivery of speaking tests in traditional or online proctored mode: A comparability study. Journal of Language Testing & Assessment, 6(1), 1–10.
View on DOI.org: The delivery of speaking tests in traditional or online proctored mode
Milanovic, M., Lee, T., Coniam, D., & Papargyris, Y. (2023). Externally-referenced anchoring of LANGUAGECERT® SELT tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Externally-referenced anchoring of LANGUAGECERT SELT tests
Milanovic, M., Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2023). The LANGUAGECERT® Global Scale. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Stoukou, I., Lee, T., & Milanovic, M. (2023). SELT IESOL Writing Test Quality. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Lee, T., Papargyris, Y., Milanovic, M., Pike, N., & Coniam, D. (2023). Aligning LANGUAGECERT® SELT tests to the LANGUAGECERT® Item Difficulty (LID) scale. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Aligning LANGUAGECERT SELT tests to the LANGUAGECERT Item Difficulty (LID) scale
Coniam, D., Lee, T., & Milanovic, M. (2022). Exploring item bank stability in the creation of multiple test forms. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Exploring item bank stability in the creation of multiple test forms
Milanovic, M., Zhao, W., Falvey, P., & Coniam, D. (Eds.) (2022). The evolving role of language assessment in skills development in the modern world. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 1–4.
View on DOI.org: The evolving role of language assessment in skills development in the modern world
Coniam, D., Milanovic, M., & Zhao, W. (2022). Foreign CEFR and CSE comparability study: An exploration using the Chinese College English Test and the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English. CEFR Journal – Research and Practice, 5, 25–44.
Coniam, D., Lee, T., Milanovic, M., Pike, N., & Zhao, W. (2022). The role of expert judgement in language test validation. Language Education & Assessment, 5(1), 18–33.
Download PDF: The role of expert judgement in language test validation
Lee, T., Coniam, D., & Milanovic, M. (2022). Exploring item bank stability through live and simulated datasets. Journal of Language Testing & Assessment, 5, 13–21.
View on DOI.org: Exploring item bank stability through live and simulated datasets
Lee, T., Milanovic, M., & Pike, N. (2022). Equating Rasch values and expert judgement through externally-referenced anchoring. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 187–202.
View on DOI.org: Equating Rasch values and expert judgement through externally-referenced anchoring
Milanovic, M., & Cheilari, A. (2021). LANGUAGECERT® – A multilingual language testing system. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: LANGUAGECERT – A multilingual language testing system
Coniam, D., Lee, T., Milanovic, M., & Pike, N. (2021). Validating the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English scale: The adaptive test. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Validating the LANGUAGECERT Test of English scale: The adaptive test
Lee, T., Milanovic, M., Coniam, D., & Pike, N. (2021). Externally-referenced anchoring: Equating expert judgement and Rasch measurement values in LANGUAGECERT® IESOL English language tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Externally-referenced anchoring in LANGUAGECERT IESOL English language tests
Coniam, D., Lee, T., Milanovic, M., & Pike, N. (2021). Validating the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English scale: The paper-based tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Validating the LANGUAGECERT Test of English scale: The paper-based tests
Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Dourda, C., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2024). Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT Test of English
Milanovic, M., Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2023). The LANGUAGECERT® Global Scale. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Lee, T., Papargyris, Y., Milanovic, M., Pike, N., & Coniam, D. (2023). Aligning LANGUAGECERT® SELT tests to the LANGUAGECERT® Item Difficulty (LID) scale. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Aligning LANGUAGECERT SELT tests to the LANGUAGECERT Item Difficulty (LID) scale
Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Dourda, C., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2023). Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English adaptive item bank. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Lee, T., Milanovic, M., Pike, N., & Zhao, W. (2022). The role of expert judgement in language test validation. Language Education & Assessment, 5(1), 18–33.
Download PDF: The role of expert judgement in language test validation
Lee, T., Milanovic, M., & Pike, N. (2022). Equating Rasch values and expert judgement through externally-referenced anchoring. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 187–202.
View on DOI.org: Equating Rasch values and expert judgement through externally-referenced anchoring
Pike, N., & Coniam, D. (2021). Adaptive testing and the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English adaptive test. ELTNEWS, 367.
View publication: Adaptive testing and the LANGUAGECERT Test of English adaptive test
Coniam, D., Lee, T., Milanovic, M., & Pike, N. (2021). Validating the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English scale: The paper-based tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Validating the LANGUAGECERT Test of English scale: The paper-based tests
Coniam, D., Lee, T., Milanovic, M., & Pike, N. (2021). Validating the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English scale: The adaptive test. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Validating the LANGUAGECERT Test of English scale: The adaptive test
Lee, T., Milanovic, M., Coniam, D., & Pike, N. (2021). Externally-referenced anchoring: Equating expert judgement and Rasch measurement values in LANGUAGECERT® IESOL English language tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Externally-referenced anchoring in LANGUAGECERT IESOL English language tests
Lampropoulou, L., & Papargyris, Y. (2026). An end-to-end comparability study of online delivered and paper-based tests of writing: Bolstering stakeholder confidence in online testing. In T. Clark & E. Bruce (Eds.), Quality standards for remote digital language testing. Palgrave Macmillan.
Coniam, D., Milanovic, M., & Lampropoulou, L. (2026). Exploring LLM Simulations for Pre-Operational Prediction of Reading Test Item Difficulty. LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Lampropoulou, L., & Megaritis, V. (2025). Operational validation evidence for the LANGUAGECERT® automated writing scoring system: Phase 1. LANGUAGECERT.
Lampropoulou, L., Milanovic, M., Jones, J., & Green, A. (2024). LANGUAGECERT® Academic Concordance Report. LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Lee, T., & Lampropoulou, L. (2024). The use of expert judgement and pairwise comparison in the establishment of an assessment scale. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 37.
Milanovic, M., Lee, T., Lampropoulou, L., & Coniam, D. (2024). Exploring test gender bias in the LANGUAGECERT® SELT IESOL Speaking and Listening tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Exploring test gender bias in the LANGUAGECERT SELT IESOL Speaking and Listening tests
Lampropoulou, L. (2023). The use and impact of pre-task planning time in the monologic task of LANGUAGECERT® speaking tests. Language Education & Assessment, 6(1), 1–18.
View publication: The use and impact of pre-task planning time in the monologic task of LANGUAGECERT speaking testsView on DOI.org: The use and impact of pre-task planning time
Lampropoulou, L. (2022). Interactional competence and the role role play plays: The LANGUAGECERT® perspective. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 32–47.
View on DOI.org: Interactional competence and the role role play plays
Coniam, D., Lampropoulou, L., & Cheilari, A. (2021). Online proctoring of high-stakes examinations: A survey of past candidates’ attitudes and perceptions. English Language Teaching, 14(8), 58–72.
View publication: Online proctoring of high-stakes examinationsView on DOI.org: Online proctoring of high-stakes examinations
Coniam, D., Lee, T., & Lampropoulou, L. (2021). Identifying guessing in English language tests via Rasch fit statistics: An exploratory study. English Language Teaching, 14(5), 23–29.
Papargyris, Y., & Lampropoulou, L. (2021). The development and delivery of online-proctored speaking exams: The case of LANGUAGECERT® International ESOL. In ALTE (Eds.), Safeguarding the future of multilingual assessment in the post-covid world – Proceedings of the ALTE 7th International Conference, 22–24 April 2020, Madrid.
Coniam, D., & Lampropoulou, L. (2020). A review of LANGUAGECERT® IESOL Listening and Reading test reliabilities 2018–2020. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: A review of LANGUAGECERT IESOL Listening and Reading test reliabilities 2018–2020
Lampropoulou, L., & Papargyris, Y. (2019). External validation of LANGUAGECERT®’s English language examinations. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: External validation of LANGUAGECERT’s English language examinations
Lampropoulou, L., & Papargyris, Y. (2026). An end-to-end comparability study of online delivered and paper-based tests of writing: Bolstering stakeholder confidence in online testing. In T. Clark & E. Bruce (Eds.), Quality standards for remote digital language testing. Palgrave Macmillan.
Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Dourda, C., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2024). Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT Test of English
Milanovic, M., Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2023). The LANGUAGECERT® Global Scale. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Stoukou, I., Papargyris, Y., & Coniam, D. (2023). A comparability study of handwritten versus typed responses in high-stakes English language writing tests. ELT FORUM, 12(1), 36–43.
Lee, T., Papargyris, Y., Milanovic, M., Pike, N., & Coniam, D. (2023). Aligning LANGUAGECERT® SELT tests to the LANGUAGECERT® Item Difficulty (LID) scale. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Aligning LANGUAGECERT SELT tests to the LANGUAGECERT Item Difficulty (LID) scale
Milanovic, M., Lee, T., Coniam, D., & Papargyris, Y. (2023). Externally-referenced anchoring of LANGUAGECERT® SELT tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Externally-referenced anchoring of LANGUAGECERT SELT tests
Papargyris, Y., & Yan, Z. (2022). Examiner quality and consistency across LANGUAGECERT® writing tests. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 4(1), 203–212.
Coniam, D., & Papargyris, Y. (2021). Examiner quality and consistency across LANGUAGECERT® Writing tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Examiner quality and consistency across LANGUAGECERT Writing tests
Papargyris, Y., & Lampropoulou, L. (2021). The development and delivery of online-proctored speaking exams: The case of LANGUAGECERT® International ESOL. In ALTE (Eds.), Safeguarding the future of multilingual assessment in the post-covid world – Proceedings of the ALTE 7th International Conference, 22–24 April 2020, Madrid.
Lampropoulou, L., & Papargyris, Y. (2019). External validation of LANGUAGECERT®’s English language examinations. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: External validation of LANGUAGECERT’s English language examinations
Milanovic, M., & Jones, C. (2026). Mobile-based English language learning through bite-sized formative CEFR-aligned assessment. LANGUAGECERT.
Jones, C. (2024). The LANGUAGECERT® General Test: Assessing language in the migration and employment domains. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Jones, C. (2023). Orienting the LANGUAGECERT® IESOL C1 examination to an academic context. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Orienting the LANGUAGECERT IESOL C1 examination to an academic context
Lampropoulou, L., Stoukou, I., & Coniam, D. (2025). The relationship between language complexity and test-taker achievement on a high-stakes test of writing. LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: The relationship between language complexity and test-taker achievement
Stoukou, I., Papargyris, Y., & Coniam, D. (2023). A comparability study of handwritten vs. typed responses to English language writing tests. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Coniam, D., Stoukou, I., Lee, T., & Milanovic, M. (2023). SELT IESOL Writing Test Quality. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Pike, N., Papargyris, Y., Dourda, C., Lee, T., & Coniam, D. (2024). Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT® Test of English. London, UK: LANGUAGECERT.
Download PDF: Recalibrating and extending the analysis of the LANGUAGECERT Test of English
Dourda, K., Bratitsis, T., & Griva, E. (2014). Content and language integrated learning through an online game in primary school: A case study. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 12(3), 243–258.